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Analyzing Differences Between Korean and English Verb Forms
Make sure to read the concise explanation of the contrasting forms of Korean verbs with English verbs that follows. So, let's begin our journey into the world of Korean verbs with these foundational examples.
|
FORMA |
KOREAN (Romanized) |
TETUM |
|
1. |
가다 (gada) |
Bá |
|
Presente |
가요 (gayo) |
Bá |
|
Pasadu |
갔어요 (gasseoyo) |
Bá ona |
|
Futuru |
갈 거예요 (gal geoyeyo) |
Sei bá |
|
2. |
먹다 (meokda) |
Hán |
|
Presente |
먹어요 (meogeoyo) |
Hán |
|
Pasadu |
먹었어요 (meogeosseoyo) |
Hán ona |
|
Futuru |
먹을 거예요 (meokkeul geoyeyo) |
Sei hán |
|
3. |
보다 (boda) |
Haré |
|
Presente |
봐요 (bwayo) |
Haré |
|
Pasadu |
봤어요 (bwasseoyo) |
Haré ona |
|
Futuru |
볼 거예요 (bol geoyeyo) |
Sei haré |
|
4. |
마시다 (masida) |
Ba hemu |
|
Presente |
마셔요 (masheoyo) |
Hemu |
|
Pasadu |
마셨어요 (masheosseoyo) |
Hemu ona |
|
Futuru |
마실 거예요 (masil geoyeyo) |
Sei hemu |
|
5. |
자다 (jada) |
Toba |
|
Presente |
자요 (jayo) |
Toba |
|
Pasadu |
잤어요 (jasseoyo) |
Toba ona |
|
Futuru |
잘 거예요 (jal geoyeyo) |
Sei toba |
|
6. |
만나다 (mannada) |
Hasoru |
|
Presente |
만나요 (mannayo) |
Hasoru |
|
Pasadu |
만났어요 (mannasseoyo) |
Hasoru ona |
|
Futuru |
만날 거예요 (mannal geoyeyo) |
Sei hasoru |
|
7. |
가르치다 (gareuchida) |
Hanorin |
|
Presente |
가르쳐요 (gareuchyeoyo) |
Hanorin |
|
Pasadu |
가르쳤어요 (gareuchyeosseoyo) |
Hanorin ona |
|
Futuru |
가르칠 거예요 (garechil geoyeyo) |
Sei hanorin |
|
8. |
일어나다 (ileonada) |
Hadér |
|
Presente |
일어나요 (ileonayo) |
Hadér |
|
Pasadu |
일어났어요 (ileonnasseoyo) |
Hadér ona |
|
Futuru |
일어날 거예요 (ileonnal geoyeyo) |
Sei hadér |
|
9. |
사랑하다 (salanghada) |
Hadomi |
|
Presente |
사랑해요 (salanghaeyo) |
Hadomi |
|
Pasadu |
사랑했어요 (salanghaesseoyo) |
Hadomi ona |
|
Futuru |
사랑할 거예요 (salanghal geoyeyo) |
Sei hadomi |
|
10. |
사다 (sada) |
Hola
sasan |
|
Presente |
삽니다 (sabnida) |
Hola |
|
Pasadu |
샀어요 (ssasseoyo) |
Hola ona |
|
Futuru |
살 거예요 (sal geoyeyo) |
Sei hola |
|
11. |
공부하다 (gongbuhada) |
Estuda |
|
Presente |
공부해요 (gongbuhaeyo) |
Estuda |
|
Pasadu |
공부했어요 (gongbuhaesseoyo) |
Estuda ona |
|
Futuru |
공부할 거예요 (gongbuhal geoyeyo) |
Sei estuda |
|
12. |
일하다 (ilhada) |
Servisu |
|
Presente |
일해요 (ilhaeyo) |
Servisu |
|
Pasadu |
일했어요 (ilhaesseoyo) |
Servisu ona |
|
Futuru |
일할 거예요 (ilhal geoyeyo) |
Sei servisu |
|
13. |
쓰다 (sseuda) |
Hakerek |
|
Presente |
씁니다 (ssseumnida |
Hakererk |
|
Pasadu |
썼어요 (sseosseoyo) |
Hakerek ona |
|
Futuru |
쓸 거예요 (sseul geoyeyo) |
Sei hakerek |
|
14. |
이해하다 (ihaehada) |
Komprende |
|
Presente |
이해해요 (ihaehaeyo) |
Komprende |
|
Pasadu |
이해했어요 (ihaehaesseoyo) |
Komprende ona |
|
Futuru |
이해할 거예요 (ihaehal geoyeyo) |
Sei komprende |
|
15. |
머물다 (meomulda) |
Hela |
|
Presente |
머물러요 (meomulleoyo) |
Hela |
|
Pasadu |
머물렀어요 (meomulleosseoyo) |
Hela ona |
|
Futuru |
머물러 있을 거예요 (meomulleo isseul geoyeyo) |
Sei hela |
|
16. |
운전하다 (unjeon-hada) |
Conduzir |
|
Presente |
운전해요 (unjeon-haeyo) |
Conduzir (kareta) |
|
Pasadu |
운전했어요 (unjeon-haesseoyo) |
Conduzir ona |
|
Futuru |
운전할 거예요 (unjeon-hal geoyeyo) |
Sei conduzir |
|
17. |
노래하다 (nolae-hada) |
Kanta |
|
Presente |
노래해요 (nolae-haeyo) |
Kanta (múzika) |
|
Pasadu |
노래했어요 (nolae-haesseoyo) |
Kanta ona |
|
Futuru |
노래할 거예요 (nolae-hal geoyeyo) |
Seo kanta |
|
18. |
믿다 (mitda) |
Fiar |
|
Presente |
믿어요 (mit-eoyo) |
Fiar |
|
Pasadu |
믿었어요 (mit-eosseoyo) |
Fiar ona |
|
Futuru |
믿을 거예요 (mit-eul geoyeyo) |
Sei fiar |
|
19. |
기다리다 (gidarida) |
Hein |
|
Presente |
기다려요 (gidaleoyo) |
Hein |
|
Pasadu |
기다렸어요 (gidaryeosseoyo) |
Hein ona |
|
Futuru |
기다릴 거예요 (gidaril geoyeyo) |
Sei hein |
|
20. |
날다 (nalda) |
Semo |
|
Presente |
날아요 (nal-ayo) |
Semo |
|
Pasadu |
날았어요 (nal-atseoyo) |
Semo ona |
|
Futuru |
날 거예요 (nal-geoyeyo) |
Sei semo |
|
21. |
물어보다 (muleoboda) |
Husu |
|
Presente |
물어봐요 (muleobwayo) |
Husu |
|
Pasadu |
물어봤어요 (muleobwasseoyo) |
Husu ona |
|
Futuru |
물어볼 거예요 (muleobol geoyeyo) |
Sei husu |
|
22. |
웃다 (utda) |
Hamnasa |
|
Presente |
웃어요 (ut-eoyo) |
Hamnasa |
|
Pasadu |
웃었어요 (ut-eosseoyo) |
Hamnasa ona |
|
Futuru |
웃을 거예요 (ut-eul geoyeyo) |
Sei hamnasa |
|
23. |
걷다 (geotda) |
La’o |
|
Presente |
걸어요 (geol-eoyo) |
La’o |
|
Pasadu |
걸었어요 (geol-eosseoyo) |
La’o ona |
|
Futuru |
걸을 거예요 (geol-eul geoyeyo) |
Sei la’o |
|
24 |
울다 (ulda) |
Tanis |
|
Presente |
울어요 (ul-eoyo) |
Tanis |
|
Pasadu |
울었어요 (ul-eosseoyo) |
Tanis ona |
|
Futuru |
울 거예요 (ul geoyeyo) |
Sei tanis |
|
25. |
머리말하다 (meorimal-hada) |
Esplika |
|
Presente |
머리말해요 (meorimal-haeyo) |
Esplika |
|
Pasadu |
머리말했어요 (meorimal-haesseoyo) |
Esplika ona |
|
Futuru |
머리말할 거예요 (meorimal-hal geoyeyo) |
Sei esplika |
Forming Korean verbs is a bit different from forming English verbs, primarily due to the agglutinative nature of the Korean language. Here's a brief explanation of how Korean verbs are formed compared to English verbs:
English Verbs:
- Base
Form: In English, verbs typically start with a base form, such as
"eat," "run," or "study."
- Conjugation
for Tense: To indicate different tenses (e.g., present, past, future),
English verbs often change slightly. For example, "eat" becomes
"ate" in the past tense and "will eat" in the future
tense.
- Auxiliary
Verbs: English often uses auxiliary verbs (e.g., "is,"
"was," "will") to form tenses and express other
nuances. For instance, "I am eating," "I was eating,"
or "I will be eating."
Korean Verbs:
- Verb Stems: Korean verbs start with a verb stem, which is the base form without any tense or politeness markers. For example, "먹다" (meokda) means "to eat," and "공부하다" (gongbuhada) means "to study."
- Conjugation
for Tense: Korean verbs change by adding specific verb endings to the
stem to indicate tense. For example, "먹다" (meokda) can become
"먹어요" (meogeoyo) in the present tense, "먹었어요"
(meogeosseoyo) in the past tense, and "먹을 거예요"
(meokkeul geoyeyo) in the future tense.
- Politeness
Levels: Korean verbs can also change to reflect different politeness
levels, with various endings added to the verb stem. For instance, "먹다"
(meokda) becomes "먹어요" (meogeoyo) in
polite speech but "먹어" (meogeo) in casual
speech.
- Subject
Marking: Korean verbs require subject markers to indicate the subject
of the sentence, which is not needed in English. For instance, "I
eat" is "저는 먹어요"
(jeoneun meogeoyo) in Korean.
- Auxiliary
Verbs: Korean uses auxiliary verbs more frequently to convey various
nuances, such as potential actions, permission, or obligation. For
example, "할 거예요"
(hal geoyeyo) means "will do" and is used to indicate the future
tense.
In summary, whereas English verbs
rely on base form modifications and auxiliary verbs for tense changes, Korean
verbs achieve these distinctions by attaching distinct endings to verb stems.
Recognizing these disparities becomes pivotal in mastering the Korean language,
as they significantly influence sentence structures and the portrayal of
actions within the language.
